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- WORLD, Page 28ISRAELThe Government Takes a Fall
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- As the parties start to haggle, cobbling together a new one
- could delay the peace process for months
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- By JON D. HULL/JERUSALEM
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- His rivals consider Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir a wily
- political escape artist. By exhausting opponents with delaying
- tactics and evading crucial decisions, the Likud party leader
- has managed to stick to his hard-line ideology while feigning
- compromise, burying in procedural minutiae every proposal for
- Arab-Israeli peace that has come his way.
-
- Last week the master of delay found himself cornered,
- however. Forced to choose between accepting U.S. Secretary of
- State James Baker's compromise plan for Israeli-Palestinian
- peace talks in Cairo and risking the collapse of his national
- unity government, Shamir stuck to his ideology. After a
- dramatic showdown on the floor of the Knesset, he became the
- first Israeli leader ever to be evicted from office when Labor
- Party leader Shimon Peres pushed through a vote of no
- confidence by a margin of 60 to 55.
-
- The collapse of the national unity government was
- appropriately ignominious. Ever since its formation 15 months
- ago, the coalition of Likud and Labor has functioned as
- something of a joke, breeding acrimony and indecision. Its
- foreign policy has been contradictory. Peres proposed swapping
- land for peace; Shamir insisted on both peace and territory.
- Says Dore Gold of the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies in Tel
- Aviv: "Imagine Richard Nixon and George McGovern in the same
- Cabinet trying to negotiate the Paris peace talks [with Viet
- Nam]."
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- Ironically, Shamir's fall was prompted by his own peace
- initiative, which he launched last spring under heavy pressure
- to negotiate an end to the intifadeh. The plan called for
- elections among the 1.7 million Arabs in the West Bank and Gaza
- to choose representatives who would then negotiate a period of
- limited autonomy with Israel. To get the elections off the
- ground, Baker proposed a formula under which Egypt, Israel and
- the U.S. would select Palestinian delegates for preliminary
- talks.
-
- Likud consistently stalled negotiations over the identity
- of the Palestinian interlocutors it would find acceptable,
- rejecting anyone even remotely connected with the P.L.O. To
- lure the Palestinians to the table, Baker demanded that Israel
- agree to accept at least one Palestinian deported from the
- territories as well as a resident of the West Bank with an
- office or second home in East Jerusalem. These finely honed
- definitions were acceptable to Labor, but Likud hard-liners
- turned them down as an attempt to maneuver Israel into direct
- talks with the P.L.O.
-
- In a last-ditch effort to budge Shamir, Washington embarked
- on a high-profile game, threatening Jerusalem with both
- diplomatic and financial pressure. When President Bush
- condemned the settling of Jews in Israeli-annexed East
- Jerusalem -- a long-standing if rarely stated U.S. policy --
- Shamir pounced. "Voices in Washington have outraged every Jew,"
- he said. "We have no obligation to blindly follow every move
- the U.S. makes." The Bush Administration resented Shamir's
- efforts to shift the blame for his downfall. "This business that
- the President is precipitating this is nonsense," said a
- senior official in Washington.
-
- In the end, Shamir's campaign backfired, and the eight-hour
- Knesset debate reflected the deep divisions within the Israeli
- electorate. Peres accused Shamir of "murdering the peace
- process" and asked, "Who will believe you again in this
- country? You have broken every promise." Shamir lambasted Peres
- for "shameful" appeasement of the Arabs, retorting, "We are not
- afraid of peace, we are afraid of irresponsible concessions."
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- When the votes were tallied, Shamir sank his head into his
- hands, perhaps to blot out the triumphant smile on Peres' face.
- President Chaim Herzog is now expected to give Peres the first
- shot at forming a new coalition, a process that could take
- weeks -- and that typically brings out the worst in Israeli
- politics. Since Labor has only 39 seats in the Knesset, against
- Likud's 40, Peres must bargain for the support of the smaller
- parties, ranging from Arab communists to Orthodox rabbis. The
- balance of power is held by the fickle religious parties, which
- control 18 seats and see nothing wrong with bartering their
- support for more money for yeshivas and military deferments for
- religious students.
-
- If Peres succeeds, his government is expected to give a
- short-term boost to the peace process by swiftly approving
- Baker's plan. But when it comes time to deal, his narrow
- coalition is likely to face intense opposition from a newly
- unified right-wing. Should Peres fail to form a government,
- Shamir will try to cobble together his own majority. If he
- succeeds, the path to peace will be thoroughly mined by a
- Cabinet laden with extremists. Should both leaders be
- unsuccessful and Israelis have to return to the polls, another
- parliamentary deadlock is expected. The fourth option, which
- has already been suggested by former Defense Minister Yitzhak
- Rabin, a Laborite, may prove the least desirable: the formation
- of yet another government of national unity.
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